How to plant chestnut trees
The chestnut tree is a fruit tree with high economic value. Its fruits are rich in nutrients and are deeply loved by consumers. In recent years, with the increase in people's demand for healthy food, chestnut cultivation has gradually become a hot topic. This article will introduce in detail the planting methods of chestnut trees, including seed selection, seedling raising, planting, management, etc., to help growers master scientific planting techniques.
1. Basic conditions for chestnut tree planting
Chestnut trees have certain requirements for the growing environment. The following are the basic conditions for planting chestnut trees:
| Conditions | request |
|---|---|
| climate | Suitable for temperate climate, with average annual temperature of 10-20℃ and annual precipitation of 600-1500 mm. |
| soil | Loose, fertile, well-drained, slightly acidic soil (pH 5.5-6.5) |
| light | Loves light, needs plenty of sunlight, no less than 6 hours of light per day |
| altitude | Suitable for altitudes of 500-1500 meters, low altitude areas need to pay attention to high temperatures in summer |
2. Chestnut tree seed selection and seedling cultivation
1.Selection: Choose varieties that are adapted to the local climate, have strong disease resistance and have high yields. Common chestnut varieties include:
| Variety | Features |
|---|---|
| Yanshan chestnut | The fruit is large and sweet in taste, suitable for planting in the north. |
| Chestnut oil | High oil content and unique flavor, suitable for planting in the south |
| Japanese chestnut | Early maturing variety with strong disease resistance |
2.Seedlings: Chestnut trees can be propagated by seed or grafting. The steps for seed propagation are as follows:
- Choose chestnut seeds that are plump and free from pests and diseases
- Soak the seeds in warm water for 24 hours to promote germination
- Sow seeds in a nursery bed and cover with 2-3 cm of soil.
- Keep the soil moist and germination will take place in about 30 days
3. Chestnut tree planting techniques
1.Planting time: It can be planted in both spring and autumn, preferably March-April in spring or October-November in autumn.
2.Planting density: Determined according to the variety and soil conditions, the general spacing between rows is 4-6 meters × 5-7 meters.
3.Planting method:
- Dig a planting hole with a depth of 60-80 cm and a diameter of 80-100 cm
- Apply 10-15kg/hole of decomposed organic fertilizer and mix with topsoil
- Place the seedlings into the holes, straighten them and then fill them with soil and compact them
- Pour the roots thoroughly with water and cover with mulch to moisturize.
4. Field management of chestnut trees
1.Water and fertilizer management:
| growth stage | Fertilizer requirements |
|---|---|
| sapling stage | 3-4 times a year, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, combined with phosphorus and potash fertilizer |
| fruiting period | Apply nitrogen fertilizer in spring, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in summer, and organic fertilizer in autumn. |
2.Plastic trimming:
- Sapling stage: Cultivate the trunk and main branches to form a heart-shaped or dispersed layered crown.
- Fruiting period: thin out overly dense branches, branches with diseases and insect pests, and maintain ventilation and light transmission
3.Pest and disease control:
| pests and diseases | Prevention and control methods |
|---|---|
| chestnut blight | Choose disease-resistant varieties, remove diseased branches promptly, and spray fungicides |
| Li Shixiang | Clean up fallen fruits and spray insecticides during the adult stage |
5. Harvesting and storage of chestnuts
1.Harvest time: Generally harvested in September-October, when the thorn bracts crack and the fruits turn brown.
2.Harvesting method: Manual picking or shock dropping method to avoid damaging the fruits.
3.Storage method:
| method | Conditions | save time |
|---|---|---|
| Refrigerated | Temperature 0-2℃, humidity 85-90% | 3-6 months |
| Shazang | layered with moist river sand | 2-3 months |
Conclusion
Chestnut tree planting is a long-term investment that requires scientific management and patient cultivation. By choosing the right varieties, mastering the correct planting techniques, and doing daily management, you can obtain high-quality and high-yielding chestnut fruits. I hope this article can provide practical reference information for friends who are interested in growing chestnuts.
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